The+Changing+Life+of+People+18th+C


 * Please upload/insert your outline/presentation/powerpoint for the section of chapter 20 that you were responsible for.

Cassy Kwiatkowski

__Old views__ - Prussia made attendance in elementary schools mandatory - No child ages 6-14 was withheld from school - main textbook= the Bible -Chapbooks were extremely common -Almanacs were universal, and highly appreciated

__New Views__ - Bible is not read in school - Almanacs are still exteremely helpful -Mandatory to attend elementary school, middle school, and high school

Zachary J. Moore:
 * __**Old Veiws**__ ||< __**New Veiws**__ ||  ||
 * * Community Controles from 1700 until 1750 played a big role in ones choice of premaridal sex. ||< * as people began to move a way from small towns to big cities commuinity controles became less of a worry amongst society and in a way a person could act how ever they wanted without the risk of getting kicked out of their own town. ||  ||
 * * people for the most part made choices that would help the society as a whole || * once people moved into citys people started to stop thinking about society as a whole and began to think more about themselves ||  ||
 * * up until 1750 people veiwed premaridal sex as a promise to marry one another. premaridal only occured after the couple had been going steady for a while. || * after 1750 men and woman in cities began to have more premaridal sex. the tradition and comitment of marrying a woman after having premaridal sex was lost. And the wholing "having sex after we had been dating a while" thing went away as prostitution and small meaning less relationships began to spring up in larger cites. ||  ||
 * * if someone did somthing such as commit adultry or have premaridal sex in a small village the town would react be telling the whole town and then they would drive you out. || * latter in years the idea of driving one out of towns began to die a way a community controles began to die a way as well. ||  ||

Sara and Cynthia are kinda cool. :D
 * __**Old Views**__ ||< __**New Views**__ ||
 * * Faith Healers very popular in the countrybecause of the religious element in their work. || * Faith healers decline after enlightenment, which brought new ideas about healing that strayed away from the traditional aspect. ||
 * * Apothecaries just began to become popular. || * Apothecaries became very popular in cities and replaced the midwives who sold goods. Midwives were still the prevalent herb sellers in the the country, partly due to apothecaries' incredible expense. ||
 * * Physicians were not very educated. || * Physicians begin to get a good education, spending several years not only at a university but also with a trained physician doing hands on practice. Still, due to the expense of education, only men worked in this field. ||
 * * Surgeons were inexperienced and were compared to butchers and barbers. || * Surgeons made astronomical advances due to the battles and wars. These proved execellent opportunity for experimentation and study of human anatomy. ||
 * * Midwives were referred to for various medical needs and were generally trusted. || * Midwives less popular due to suspicion of women (witch hunts) and their lack of education. However, they still made great strides in proper child birthing. ||
 * * Hospitals are in horrible, dirty, disgusting condition. Patients are kept up to 6 in a bed and fresh air was believed to be bad. Cross contamination was rampant. || * Hospitals begin to get cleaner and people begin to learn of contamination. Floors started to get cleaned and windows opened. ||
 * * Mental Hospitals were inhumane. Water was thrown on patients and in the worst cases, they were chained to walls and forgotten. || * People began to be treated as patients not prisoners. There was work to help solve their problems, not simply quiet them. ||
 * * Small Pox was widespread and killed many of the world's population || * Onoculation was discovered and a vaccine was created to counteract the devastating affects of the disease. ||


 * **__Old Views__** || **__New Views__** ||
 * * Historians used to think that people lived in extended families in Europe || * Historians found that Europeans mainly lived in Nuclear families, and found no evidence of of extended families. People in Asia and Africa lived in extended families. ||
 * * Men and Women married at an early age || * Men and Women married later because of economic reasons: men had to wait until their fathers died in order to inherit their land, women and their families had to put a dowry together so the husband could buy a house or some land, Laws and community controls tempered with love and physical attraction, needed approval of local lord or land owner
 * Average age they married at was 27 years for first marriage ||
 * * Men would work at home || * More and more men started going into towns to apprentice a trade for either 7 or 14 years ||
 * * Women worked at their home in the kitchen || * Women, in particular young girls, would leave their homes at an early age for a few years to work as a servant ||




 * **Catholic Piety** ||
 * **Old View** || **New View** ||
 * Religious culture of ritual and superstition normal. || The religious culture stayed the same because the peasants wouldn’t allow changes to their religion. ||
 * **Leisure and Recreation** ||
 * **Old View** || **New View** ||
 * People got together to celebrate and converse. || Stayed the same even though individualized things became popular. ||
 * People would get together at homes to socialize. || Leisure became more commercialized like bull baiting and cockfighting. ||

Ben Hlavacek "Spare the rod, spoil the child" || Enilightened thinkers like Rousseau in his //Emile// called for better treatment of children and for less restricting clothes || Religion and Culture
 * **Old View** || **New View** ||
 * Women would breastfeed children, and upperclasss hired wet nurses || Mainly in Fracne, upper class women didn't breastfeed thier own children and hired wet nurses to do so ||
 * Infanticide was a very popular form of population control. Men and women would "accidentaly" smother children in bed || Infanticide still popular. "killing nurses" took fee and let infant die. Foundling Hospitals over populated and served as legal infanticide ||
 * New borns would be put in tight clothes to "straighten them out". children would be beaten as a form of dicipline
 * Old (1600) || New (1800) ||
 * · Peasants’ culture had everything to do with the church. They gladly pay taxes to the church. ||  · Peasants had same ideas because of salvation, no enlightenment, and no renascence questioning.  ||
 * · Parish Christian church was the religious joint in the town. The educated taught the commoners Christianity. ||  · The Parish church was still the main place for religion but now there are many other things that take place there, including basic education for children, special gatherings (like weddings), and meetings.  ||
 * · Everyone was a Christian or acted like one, and the pope had all the power. The church was more powerful than the state. ||  · Protestant countries now make up half of Europe and the nobles of the region or king has the power to choose the religion. The state is more powerful than the church.  ||
 * · Culture and church was almost exactly the same. Everything you did was for survival or the church. ||  · Upper class people, because of the enlightened way of thinking), started to break away from the church. They still believed in their religion, it’s just now life doesn’t revolve around it.  ||