Constitutionalism

Please insert any relevant information, pictures, links, etc. that you find dealing with Constitutionalism.

Terms: ID the following terms. Include any and all information that you feel is relevant to the term. If possible identify any other IDs your term is related to.

**Constitutionalism: government power is limited by law. There is a delicate balance between power of government and the rights and liberites of individuals.**


 * gentry**


 * House of Commons:**
 * (But what was it?????)**
 * Pre-Civil War England: HenryVIII had a parliament he could control.**
 * -Dissolution of Monasteries**
 * -Agricultural improvements**
 * -Trade, Joint Stock Companies**
 * -New Rich merchants become new "country gentry"**
 * -Educated and powerful**
 * -wanted political power to match economic power**
 * -1603-1640 debates between king, House of Commons arises over taxes**

(what else do we know about the Stuart Dynasty?)
 * Stuart Dynasty:** James I was a STUART king.


 * James I** He was first an educated Scottish King (James IV) until he gained the English throne. He brought with him much experience from his time in Scotland and was already used to being a "divine ruler." Because of this, he did not listen to parliament. However, he lacked the human touch that Elizabeth had and was a strong defender of Divine Right **(speech in parliament??).** He believed that no one could stand against him and was rude to the people and to Parliament. England had very little money left, yet he lived very lavishly and flaunted it. He also was sympathetic to Catholics. When the Catholic bishops were being removed, James said "no bishops, no king." His differences with Parliament did not help him and he actually kicked them out 2 times because they refused to pass a tax that he ordered.


 * “divine right” of kings** was the idea that kings had to answer to no one but God and that they were chosen by God to rule. Kings were to be treated as gods on Earth.


 * Charles I**


 * Petition of Right, 1628** -

“**ship money” -** Charles I enacted the Ship Tax when parliament refused him money. Normally, this only affected coastal states; however, Charles forced all cities to pay to earn more money. He justified this by saying that the navy protects all of England.

“**Short Parliament**” -


 * “Long Parliament**” - Sat from 1640-1660 to enact legislation that limited the power of the monarch and made arbitrary government impossible.This was enacted because of a lack of trust in King Charles I and they felt that if they left their post, the king will run wild.

A**rchbishop Laud:** He was supported by Charles I. He wanted uniform church services like those of the Catholics in England. He tried to enforce this with his "Court of High Commission" and he made a book of common prayer which says that Scotland will be broken up to ensure that the people worship similarly.


 * English Civil War** -tested whether soverignty in England was to result in the King or Parliament having more power. It ended in 1949 with the execution of king charles on charge of high treason.


 * Cavaliers:** English who were pro king (Charles I) and lived in the north.


 * Roundheads:** English who lived in the South and were mostly all Puritans and Calvanists against king Charles I (pro parliament)


 * Oliver Cromwell**


 * Independent**


 * New Model Army**


 * Pride’s Purge**

“**Rump” Parliament**


 * Levellers**


 * Diggers**


 * Quakers**


 * Interregnum- the period of 1649-1660 because it separed two monarchial periods, which witnessed Englands solitary experience of Military Dictatorship.**


 * Protectorate**


 * Restoration**


 * Charles II**


 * Clarendon Code**


 * Test Act, 1673** - stated that only the Church of England's members could vote, hold office, preach, teach, attend the universities, or assemble. This could not be enforced.


 * //Habeas Corpus Act//, 1679-**


 * James II**

“**Glorious Revolution” -** In England after James II as expelled. This ended "divine right" monarchies and divided power between the king and Parliament. William and Mary took the throne. There was no bloodshed, making it "glorious."


 * William and Mary-**


 * Bill of Rights-**


 * John Locke,** //**Second Treatise** **of Civil Government**//

//**Government** // **(1690)**

**Toleration Act, 1689**


 * Act of Settlement, 1701**


 * Act of Union, 1707**


 * Great Britain**


 * Cabinet system-** The leading ministers, who must have seats in and the support of a majority of the House of Commons, formulate common policy and conduct the business of the country.


 * Prime Minister**


 * Robert Walpole**


 * United Provinces of the Netherlands**

(**Dutch Republic**)

**stadholder**


 * Dutch Reformed church**


 * Arminianism**


 * Amsterdam-**


 * Dutch East India Co**.


 * Gustavus Adolphu**s

As a group please outline the following essay question. Your outline should include a thesis statement and the information that would be used in three supporting paragraphs.

1. Analyze the developement of Constitutionalism in England during the 17th century.